ARMH — Abhidhānaratnamālā (Halāyudhakośa, ~10th c.)
The classical Sanskrit synonymic kosha by Halāyudha (~10th century CE). A verse-format synonymic dictionary — each entry is part of a verse listing synonyms grouped by semantic field. One of the four CDSL koshas included in this atlas for lineage analysis; part of the kosha tradition that WIL's Fort William College pandits drew on to construct the English sense-divisions that MW later inherited.
Source: csl-orig v02/armh/armh.txt · ARMH GitHub
Trust Block
- Evidence: CDSL v02
armh.txt, the ARMH dictionary repo, and atlas lineage notes. - Limitations: kosha context page; this is not a full bilingual microstructure chapter and not a passage corpus.
- Validation: checked by
npm run build; page links are covered by Observable link validation. - Owner repo:
csl-atlas. - Next use: use this dictionary profile as context, then open source-linked records or compare the lemma in Reader Lookup.
At a glance
| Genre | Classical Sanskrit synonymic kosha |
| Format | Verse (one verse = one synonym group) |
| Language | Sanskrit |
| Date | ~10th century CE |
| CDSL role | Lineage source for WIL → MW chain |
| Common-block framework | Not applicable (verse-synonym genre) |
Why ARMH is in the atlas
ARMH is not a structured bilingual dictionary and cannot be analysed with the block apparatus. It appears for lineage context:
- The kosha group as WIL's primary source. Wilson (WIL) and the Fort William College pandits worked from classical kosha sense-divisions to construct English glosses. ARMH is one of the principal sources of those sense-divisions.
- Same word, different traditions. A headword like aṃśu appears in ARMH's synonym verse for "sun" and for "ray" — the very sense-divisions that WIL preserves as "A ray of light, a sun-beam... The sun..." and MW inherits as "a filament... a ray... the sun." From DICT_PROFILE.md — The four Cologne koshas: aṃśu in ARMH L369 (names of the sun) and ARMH L411 (words for "ray").
- Cited in PWG as
HALĀY.Böhtlingk-Roth cite Halāyudha explicitly; Monier-Williams collapses these citations into the anonymous<ls>L.</ls>hedge.
The four CDSL koshas
| CDSL repo | Title | Author | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ARMH | Abhidhānaratnamālā | Halāyudha | ~10th c. |
| ABCH | Abhidhānacintāmaṇi | Hemacandra | ~12th c. |
| ACPH | Abhidhānacintāmaṇi-pariśiṣṭa | Hemacandra | ~12th c. |
| ACSJ | Abhidhānacintāmaṇi-śiloñcha | Hemacandra (attr.) | ~12th c. |
See also
- ABCH chapter — Hemacandra's kosha; the most-cited in PWG (17,337 times as
H.) - WIL chapter — the Fort William College dictionary that drew on the kosha tradition
- Lineage Sankey — kosha → WIL → MW lineage visualisation
- LS_HEDGE_CHECK.md — the audit of MW's
L.hedge that collapsed kosha attributions
Source: CDSL armh.txt 2026-05-24 · CC-BY-SA-4.0